Day 3 :
- Track 7: Bio-Engineering, Track 8: Systems Toxicology, Track 9: Ecology and Evolution
Location: Valencia B, Melia Valencia
Chair
Armando del RÃo Hernández
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
Co-Chair
Witold Chmielewski
Laval University, Canada
Session Introduction
Adam Qingsong Ye
James Cook University, Australia
Title: Design of nano-controllable release system for bone regeneration in craniofacial defects
Time : 10:00-10:20
Biography:
Adam Qingsong Ye, obtained his DDS, MDS,PhD (Ortho.),PhD (Med. Sci.) from China and the Netherlands. He is a Diplomate of Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in Orthodontics, elected fellow of Royal Society of Medicine, UK, foundation member and coordinator of the orthodontic postgraduate program at James Cook University, AU. He has published about 40 articles with high impact factor and co-authored a P/G textbook entitled Evidence-based Stomatology. He is also an ARC DECRA Fellow, and founder and leader of the Craniofacial and Orthodontic Research (CORE) group. He is Associate Editor of the Journal of World Federation of Orthodontists (JWFO) and Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry (JICD), President of the Asia Pacific Orthodontic Forum, regular referee for international journals and grants.
Abstract:
Cleft lip and palate is the most common birth deformity of the face, and occurs in one of every 600-800 newborns. Cleft lip and palate is believed to be a multi-factorial process, involving genetic and environmental factors. Approximately 75% cleft patients have an osseous defect in the alveolus, which could affect the normal development of a child’s appearance and speech. The conventional strategy for the reconstitution of bone defect largely relies on multi-surgical procedures of bone grafts. One major shortcoming with regard to this technique is the absorption of the implanted bone grafts. The implantation of auto-bone graft or artificial bone substitutes always causes an inflammatory response, i.e. foreign body reaction, which induces the degradation of the implanted bone grafts. Recent Cochrane systematic review has shown inconclusive results with this method. In order to prevent the inflammatory reaction against implanted bone grafts and to prevent the multi-surgical procedures in the treatment of cleft, a novel strategy to repair bony defects through an endogenous bone regenerative technique was proposed. This method bases on a nano-delivery release controlled system and applies the patient’s own regenerative ‘facilities’, e.g. patient-derived growth factors, to build up a scaffold niche in the defected site where the stem cells/progenitor from neighboring tissues can be recruited for in situ regeneration of the hard tissue.
Mahmoud Rouabhia
Laval University, Canada
Title: Repeated exposure to cigarette smoke increased gingival fibroblast proliferation, telomerase activity through the activation of cell cycle genes activity
Time : 09:00-09:20
Biography:
Mahmoud Rouabhia is a full Professor at the Faculty of Dentistry of Laval University. Pr. Rouabhia is a senior scientist in the field of Immunology, cell biology, and tissue engineering. He got his Ph.D in France, followed by a postdoctoral training for four years in Canada. His research interest includes studying the interaction between host & oral microorganisms, the role of local innate immunity, investigating the tobacco effect on the oral cavity, etc. Professor Rouabhia has more than 130 pair reviewed scientific publications. He is the editor/coeditor of three books. He published over 15 book chapters/review articles, and two patents.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of repeated exposure to cigaarette smoke condensate (CSC) on the survival, oncogenes profiling, telomere length and telomerase activity of primary human gingival fibroblasts.Methods: Primary human gingival fibroblasts were exposed three times a day, during 15 min to CSC at one of the following concentrations: 0, 2, 5 or 10%. The exposure periods were 10, 20 or 30 days. Cell proliferation was evaluated by mean of BrdU assay. Oncogenes & Tumor Suppressor Genes profiling was performed by using PCR Array. Protein telomerase detections were determined by protein telomerase assay. Telomere restriction fragment analysis was performed using the TeloTAGGG Telomere Length Assay Kit. Results: Exposure to low concentrations of CSC led to a significant increase in cell proliferation. CSC modulates the oncogenes pathway increasing CDK4, SRC JUND, NFKBIA and PIK/CA but decreasing other genes such as CASP8, RARA. Tumor suppressor genes pathway mostly showed repressed genes such as BRCA2, WWOX and BRCA1. When analyzing apoptosis genes pathway, multiple genes were repressed including BCL2, MCL1. Apoptotic gene activation is supported by the repression of those genes involved in cell cycling were we found decreased expression of TP53, CCND1 and BRCA2. The telomerase activity was significant (p <0.01) increase in CSC cells, supporting the telomere length shortening. Conclusion: Overall, this study demonstrated that cigarette smoke deregulates cell cycle genes, with potential cell mutation and cancer initiation/ development (funded by the U. Laval Foundation, Fonds Émile-beaulieu).
Fatemeh Bahadori
Bezmialem Vakif University, Turkey
Title: Apolipoprotein E4 mediated targeting of blood brain barrier using nano-micellar metal chelators for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Time : 09:20-09:40
Biography:
Fatemeh Bahadori has completed his PhD from Istanbul Technical University. He is Assistant Professor at Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University. He has published more than 11 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as Vice Director of Institute of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University since 2014.
Abstract:
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is one of the most important disorders of current century. Many pathological factors are contributed in the progress of this disease, the most important one being aggregation of Amyloid β (Aβ) in brain. Thus, prevention of Aβ aggregation could have an important role in the treatment of AD. It is well-defined that some divalent metals namely iron, copper and zinc play role in Aβ aggregation. Thus, formulations with metal-proteinattenuating (MPA) and metal chelating activity (metal chelators (MCs))could play a possible role as co-treatment agents for AD.However,MCs are generally neurotoxic and more importantly, they are hydrophilic which means they wouldn’t pass through Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). Since the structure-activity relationship of MCsis defined as carrying oxygen bearing functional groups in ortho position, we chose series of plants, which are rich in poly-phenolic compounds with this special property. We also chose a series of synthetic compounds with high MC activity. Plant extracts were prepared and screened for their MC and MPA activity by incubating with Aβ aggregates. The methanolic extract of Rosmarinusofficinalis(RO) showed the highest metal chelating and metal protein attenuating activity while PyrrolidineDithiocarbamate (PDTC) was the most active and non-toxic synthetic material. Nano-micellar Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) formulation of RO and PDTC was prepared and surface modified with Apolipoprotein E4. Both formulations showed satisfying MPA and MC activity with a hydrodynamic size less than 200 nm, while, Apo E4 provided targeting property using its specialized receptors on BBB.
Masato Sone
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Title: Integration of biocompatible MEMS by gold electrodeposition using supercritical carbon dioxide
Time : 09:40-10:00
Biography:
Masato Sone completed his doctor degree of engineering at the age of 28 years old at Tokyo Institute of Technology. He worked as a researcher in Nippon Oil Company from 1996-2000. He was an assistant professor and then a research associate professor at Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology from 2000 to 2005, and he got the position of associate professor at Tokyo Institute of Technology from 2005 until present time. He has published more than 110 papers in scientific journals. His majorities are microelectronics, surface finishing, chemical engineering, liquid crystal and polymer science. His recent topic has been novel nano wiring process using supercritical carbon dioxide for integrated circuit technology.
Abstract:
The flexible properties of polymeric material make bio-MEMS promising candidates for the next generation of micro devices. However there have been many difficulties to overcome in fabrication process. Supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) is generally viewed as a replacement for harmful organic solvents used in extractions, separations, chemical reactions, molding, and many other applications because CO2 is non-polar and the tunable physical properties between a gas and a liquid. Especially for application of sc-CO2 in fine wiring technology, transfer of materials into and out of fine nano-space can be improved to allow proper cleaning and complete filling of the nano-spaces. Thus we have studied an application of sc-CO2 into integration of bio-compatible MEMS. We examined sc-CO2 for washing of photoresist pattern on substrate and completed washing the pattern with strengthening the adhesion. We have also proposed a washing process using emulsion of sc-CO2 in water for eliminating the resist pattern from the substrate. We now have studied metalizing of gold on polyimide, which is composed of catalyzation process on/into polymer using sc-CO2 of Pd-organic complex and electroless plating using sc-CO2 emulsion (ELP-SCE), which is composed of an aqueous electrolyte, sc-CO2, and a surfactant. ELP-SCE enabled the penetration of Pd into deep-inside of polymer. So Pd seed-layer can be deposited on polyimide. We also have studied gold electroplating method using sc-CO2 emulsion (EP-SCE). Metal film obtained by this technique was uniform and without pinhole, because sc-CO2 has low viscosity and compatibility of hydrogen. Thus, we have proposed and examined a void-free gold wiring on the Pd seed layers/polyimide. This method is applicable into bio-compatible MEMS.
Daisuke Yamane
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Title: Nano-G metrology system and its biomedical applications by CMOS-MEMS technology
Time : 10:00-10:20
Biography:
Daisuke Yamane received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical and electronic engineering from The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, in 2006, 2008, and 2011, respectively. From 2010 to 2012, he was a Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science hosted within the Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo. From 2011 to 2012, he was a Visiting Scholar at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Since 2012, he has been an assistant professor with Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan. His research interests include radio-frequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), MEMS inertial sensors, and (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) CMOS-MEMS technology.
Abstract:
MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) technology has enabled micro-scaled capacitive accelerometers to be widely available in consumer electronics for the sensing range to be mostly above 1 G (9.8 m/s2). In recent years, accurate sensing of low acceleration, specifically below 1 G (9.8 m/s2), has been one of the major interests for MEMS accelerometers to be used for applications such as human-activities monitoring or the integrated inertial measurement unit. The commercialized MEMS accelerometers exhibit, however, insufficient performance for sub-1G sensing due to the mechanical noise that determines the sensitivity of the sensor. The mechanical noise is dominated by Brownian noise (BN), and BN is inversely proportional to the proof mass where silicon is used as the material in most MEMS accelerometers; the physical dimension of the silicon proof mass constrains the minimum level of BN, which is typically in the range from 100 to 1000 microG/Hz1/2. For the reduction of the BN on micro-scale accelerometers, we have employed gold as a material of the proof mass. Owing to the high density of gold, the BN can easily be an order of magnitude smaller than that of silicon proof mass. Moreover, the MEMS sensor can be made by a post-CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) process using gold electroplating. The post-CMOS process can also help to shrink the device footprint by implementing the MEMS structures onto the sensing CMOS circuitry. By utilizing the above approaches, the developed MEMS capacitive sensor showed the BN to be less than 1 microG/Hz1/2. The proposed MEMS accelerometers can be of great use to a wide variety of technologies that need to sense micro-motion, and highly-sensitive monitoring of body movements will shed light on the medical and healthcare application.
Hiroyuki Ito
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Title: Ultra-low power wireless transceiver systems for biomedical application
Time : 10:20-10:40
Biography:
Hiroyuki Ito received a Ph.D. degree in Department of Advanced Applied Electronics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan, in 2006. From 2004 to 2007, he was a research fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. He was a temporary visiting researcher and a visiting professor in the Communications Technology Laboratory, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA, in 2006 and 2007, respectively. He was an assistant professor at the Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan, from 2007 to 2013. From 2008 to 2010, he was with Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., Yokohama, Japan, where he developed an RF CMOS transceiver and digital calibration techniques for mobile-WiMAX application. Since 2013, he has been an associate professor at the Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan. His research interests include analog, RF and mixed-signal circuit design for wireless and wireline communications.
Abstract:
The impulse ultra-wideband (I-UWB) RFID technique has been leading short-range wireless communication technology for body area networks (BAN) and biomedical application due to its abilities of high throughput, low power consumption and so on. However, the issue is that the conventional ultra-low power RF (ULPRF) circuits tend to degrade energy-per-bit (E/B) as the bit rate decreases, although BAN has multimodal application and therefore require a variety of bit rate from kb/s to Mb/s. The main reason is that analog circuits consume large steady current which is not proportional to bit rate, and thus they mainly degrade E/B of transceivers at low bit rate. Especially, RF carrier-signal generation is the challenge. Although accurate RF frequency can be achieved by phase locked loop (PLL) technique, its power consumption can be as large as 1 mW. An impulse transmitter (I-TX) can generate RF signal without PLLs by exploiting delay-based impulse generation technique. The drawback of it is that the gate delay varies over ten times in 65 nm CMOS due to large PVT variation under low supply voltage such as 0.5 V. This paper presents design strategies of ULPRF transceiver systems. We also introduce the prototype I-TX in 65 nm CMOS technology to realize energy-per-bit of 1.5 pJ/bit which is better than previous works showed in the semiconductor top conference. Our TX achieves superior energy-per-bit and ultra-low power operation from 1 kb/s to 10 Mb/s. The proposed received signal strength indicator (RSSI) consumes only 89.5 μW with -85 dBm sensitivity. Our ULPRF technology develops unexplored near zero-power region in lower bit-rate wireless communication, which will contribute to realize battery-less wireless communication for biomedical application.
Hector Ricardo Galvan Garcia
Dermatology Hospital, Mexico
Title: Treatment with laser Nd: YAG q-switch vs Ipl in superficial mycoses, deep and atypical mycobacteria
Time : 10:40-11:00
Biography:
Hector Ricardo Galvan Garcia has completed his MD at the age 25 years from Guadalajara University and Postdoctoral studies from Institute of Dermatology of Jalisco. He is Director of Hospital Dermatology Dermoquirurgica in Jalisco, Mexico and he published more 20 papers in reputed journals and serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute.
Abstract:
In this study the effectiveness of laser therapy demonstrated Ny: YAG( 1064 nm / 532 nm) and pulse intensive light on the in vitro treatment of superficial mycoses, deep and atypical mycobacteria was performed in Petri dishes with agar Sabouraud cultures of T. rubrum, M. canis, T. tounsurans, T. mentagrophytes as well and deeper fungi, F. prodrosoi, S. schenki and C. carrioni, also sapphire glass tubes with culture medium lowenstein Jensen for M. abscessus all these luminicas exposing them to these two therapies. Finding in all cases a favorable response in growth of the colonies stopped, varying according to set this type of light, intensity, time and mechanics of it. This has reopened a new horizon in the dermatological therapeutics of the future.
Maria Helena Costa Vieira
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Title: Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells to treat Achilles tendon injuries
Time : 11:00-11:20
Biography:
Maria Helena Costa Vieira earned her Master in Health and Development in the Midwest from Mato Grosso do Sul University, Campo Grande in 2013. Her Ph.D started this year aiming the effect of stem cell use in tendons in humans. She is currently an assistant professor of medical residency program in Orthopedics and Traumatology, UFMS and medical school.
Abstract:
Rupture of the Achilles tendon diminishes quality of life. The gold-standard therapy is a surgical suture, but this presents complications, including wound formation and inflammation. These complications spurred evaluation of the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adipose tissue. New Zealand rabbits were divided into 6 groups (three treatments with two time points each) evaluated at either 14 or 28 days after surgery: cross section of the Achilles tendon (CSAT); CSAT + Suture; and CSAT + MSC. A comparison between all groups at both time points showed a statistically significant increase in capillaries and in the structural organization of collagen in the healed tendon in the CSAT + Suture and CSAT + MSC groups at the 14-day assessment. Comparison between the two time points within the same group showed a statistically significant decrease in the inflammatory process and an increase in the structural organization of collagen in the CSAT and CSAT + MSC groups. A study of the genomic integrity of the cells suggested a linear correlation between an increase of injuries and culture time. Thus, MSC transplantation is a good alternative for treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures because it may be conducted without surgery and tendon suture and, therefore, has no risk of adverse effects resulting from the surgical wound or inflammation caused by non absorbable sutures. Furthermore, this alternative treatment exhibits a better capacity for wound healing and maintaining the original tendon architecture, depending on the arrangement of the collagen fibers, and has important therapeutic potential.
Armando del RÃo Hernández
Imperial College London, United Kingdom
Title: Switching off the forces that drive pancreatic cancer: Current and Future perspectives molecule in health and disease
Time : 11:35-12:45
Biography:
Armando del Río Hernández obtained his PhD in Chemistry (best thesis award) from the Computense University in Madrid. Following this, he completed a period of postdoctoral training in the US. He worked at Columbia University of New York as a research fellow first, and as a Research Associate, later. He currently leads the Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics group in the Department of Bioengineering at Imperial College London (http://biomechanicalregulation-lab.org). He is a European Research Council fellow and an Editorial Board member of several journals.
Abstract:
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer in developed countries with a particularly grim outlook putting the median survival at less than 6 months and the overall 5-year survival rate at only 4%, arguably the worst of all cancers. Unfortunately, despite development of therapies to target specific pathways in cancer cells (in addition to surgical and radiotherapy approaches), there has been little improvement in the outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer in the last three decades, possibly because an important element of the tumour microenvironment, the abundant stromal reaction or desmoplasia, has been largely ignored, and most studies have focused on the genetics and biochemical signalling in cancer cells themselves. In our lab, we combine cutting edge biophysics and mechanobiology tools to target mechanosensitive pathways in pancreatic stellate cells – the cells responsible for producing this fibrotic reaction in the microenvironment. In this seminar we will discuss the most recent discoveries in the biomechanics of pancreatic cancer.