6^th International Conference on Integrative Biology May 21-23, 2018 Barcelona, Spain

Developmental Biology mainly focus on mechanisms of development, differentiation, and growth in animals and plants at the molecular, cellular, genetic and evolutionary levels. Areas of particular emphasis include transcriptional control mechanisms, embryonic patterning, cell-cell interactions, growth factors and signal transduction, and regulatory hierarchies in developing plants and animals. Research Areas Include:-Molecular genetics of development, Control of gene expression, Cell interactions and cell-matrix interactions, Mechanisms of differentiation, Growth factors and oncogenes, Regulation of stem cell populations, Evolution of developmental control, and Gametogenesis and fertilization.

Again National Science Foundation has bought its focus on Developmental Biology Branch too for funding and encouraging research. The Welcome Trust too supports the Four Year PhD programme with its funding to encourage the growing research interest in the field.

Structural biology seeks to provide a complete and coherent picture of biological phenomena at the molecular and atomic level. The goals of structural biology include developing a comprehensive understanding of the molecular shapes and forms embraced by biological macromolecules and extending this knowledge to understand how different molecular architectures are used to perform the chemical reactions that are central to life.Most recent topics related to structural biology are:Structural Biochemistry, Structure and Function Determination, Hybrid Approaches for Structure Prediction, Structural Biology In Cancer Research, Computational Approaches in Structural Biology, Strucutural Biology Databases.

Genetic engineering is a broad term referring to manipulation of an organisms’ nucleic acid. Organisms whose genes have been artificially altered for a desired affect is often called genetically modified organism (GMO). Recombinant DNA technology (rDNA) is technology that is used to cut a known DNA sequence from one organism and introduce it into another organism thereby altering the genotype (hence the phenotype) of the recipient. The process of introducing the foreign gene into another organism (or vector) is also called cloning. Sometimes these two terms are used synonymously.

Basically, these techniques are used to achieve the following are: Study the arrangement, expression and regulation of genes, Modification of genes to obtain a changed protein product, Modification of gene expression either to enhance or suppress a particular product, Making multiple copies of a nucleic acid segment artificially, Introduction of genes from organism to another, thus creating a transgenic organism, Creation of organism with desirable or altered characteristics.

Cancer biology encompasses the application of systems biology approaches to cancer research, in order to study the disease as a complex adaptive system with emerging properties at multiple biological scales. More explicitly, because cancer spans multiple biological, spatial and temporal scales, communication and feedback mechanisms across the scales create a highly complex dynamic system.

Cancer biology therefore adopts a holistic view of cancer aimed at integrating its many biological scales, including genetics, signaling networks, epigenetics, cellular behavior, histology, (pre)clinical manifestations and epidemiology. Basic researchers and clinicians have progressively recognized the complexity of cancer and of its interaction with the micro- and macro-environment, since putting together the components to provide a cohesive view of the disease has been challenging and hampered progress. Most recent research are going on Cancer Genetics, Carcinogenesis, DNA damage and repair, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis, Tumor microenvironment, Molecular mechanisms of Cancer Pathogenesis, Cancer stem cells, Discovery of tumor suppressor genes, Aberrant signaling pathways in tumor cells, Roles of ubiquitination pathways in cancer, Molecular cancer epidemiology and Cancer detection and therapy.

Genomics research often requires the development of new techniques utilizing Genomics and bioinformatics tools for target assessment, including both experimental protocols and data analysis algorithms, to enable a deeper understanding of complex biological systems. In this respect, the field is entering a new and exciting era; rapidly improving “next-generation” DNA sequencing technologies, Cloud computing, hadoop in genomics, now allow for the routine sequencing of entire genomes and Transcriptomes, or of virtually any targeted set of DNA or RNA molecules.

Genomic labs have the fastest growing market with nearly 250 universities concentrating on its research majorly to be named Whitetail Genetic Research Institute, Stanford University, National Human Genome Research Institute. Major companies concentrating on the research are Affymetrix, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Genentech etc.The scope and research areas of genomics includes genomics and bioinformatic tools for target assessment, structural, functional and comparitive genomics, genomics in marine monitoring, applications of genomics and bioinformatics, infectious disease modelling and analysis, oncogenomics, clinical genomics analysis, microbial genomics, plant genomics, medical genomics, epigenomics and DNA and RNA structure/function studies but are not limited to this only. The promise of genomics is huge. It could someday help us maximize personal health and discover the best medical care for any condition. It could help in the development of new therapies that alter the human genome and prevent (or even reverse) complications from the diseases we inherit.

Computational Biology is both an umbrella term for the body of biological studies that use computer programming as part of their methodology, as well as a reference to specific analysis by Bioinformatic tools for protein analysis that are repeatedly used, particularly in the fields of Structural and functional genomics, comparitve genomics and bioinformatics in systems biology. Common uses of bioinformatics include the identification of candidate genes and nucleotides (SNPs). Often, such identification is made with the aim of better understanding the Translational bioinformatics for genomic medicine, Genomics in marine monitoring, and applications of genomics and bioinformatics.

Systems biology is the study of Theortical aspects of biological components, which may be molecules, cells, organisms or entire species. Living systems are dynamic and complex and their behavior may be hard to predict from the properties of individual parts.

It involves the computational (involving Insilico modeling in systems biology, Biomarker identification in systems biology) and mathematical modeling of complex biological systems. An emerging engineering approach applied to biomedical and biological scientific research, systems biology is a biology-based inter-disciplinary field of study that focuses on complex interactions within biological systems, using a holistic approach (holism instead of the more traditional reductionism) to biological and biomedical research involving the use of In vitro regulatory models in systems biology using OMICS tools. Particularly from year 2000 onwards, the concept has been used widely in the biosciences in a variety of contexts.  

Many Funding Opportunities in this research has been bought up by Support ISB, National Science Foundation, NIH and many Collaborative Funding Opportunities.

Biological engineering (Cellular and Molecular Bio-Engineering) or biological (including biological systems engineering) is the application of concepts and methods of biology (and secondarily of physics, chemistry, mathematics, and computer science (In vitro testing in bioengineering) to solve real-world problems related to the life sciences or the application thereof, using engineering's own analytical and synthetic methodologies (defined as Synthetic bioengineering) and also its traditional sensitivity to the cost and practicality of the solution(s) arrived at. In this context, while traditional engineering applies physical and mathematical sciences to analyze, design and manufacture inanimate tools, structures and processes, biological engineering uses primarily the rapidly developing body of knowledge known as molecular biology to study and advance applications of living organisms and to create biotechnology like Cancer Bioengineering used for Organ bioengineering and regeneration.

Bio-engineering study remains the main interest of research with more than 340 schools focusing on it majorly being Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Georgia Institute of Technology, University of California - San Diego, University of Washington, Stanford University.

Biophysics is branch that applies the principles of physics and chemistry and the methods of mathematical analysis and computer modeling to understand how biological systems work. It seeks to explain biological function in terms of the molecular structures and properties of specific molecules. An important area of biophysical study is the detailed analysis of the structure of molecules in living systems. The recent research areas are biophysical approaches to cell biology, cellular movement and cell motility, computational and theoretical biophysics, molecular structure and behavior of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, molecular structure & behavior of membrane proteins, role of biophysical techniques in analysis and prediction, biophysical mechanisms to explain specific biological processes and Nano biophysics.Most recent researchers are going on: Biophysical approaches to cell biology, Cellular Movement and Cell Motility, Computational and theoretical biophysics, Molecular Structure and Behavior of Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids, Molecular Structure & Behavior of Membrane Proteins, Role of Biophysical Techniques in analysis and prediction, Biophysical Mechanisms to explain specific biological processes.