3^rd International Conference on Integrative Biology August 04-06, 2015 Valencia, Spain

Dr. Siddhartha Kundu has done his MD (All India Institute Of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, INDIA) and MBBS ( University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, INDIA. His research interest includes Theoretical Systems Biology, Mathematical modelling, Mathematical and Computational Chemistry.

The alpha-ketoglutarate dependent superfamily of non-haem iron (II) dioxygenases can, as a unit, influence system-level function of a cell. This novel representation mandates the interplay of the substrates transformed and reaction chemistry of the catalysts themselves. The superfamily, by definition, comprises members from all major taxa, and participates in neutralizing the effects of several forms of abiotic stress,viz., pesticides, hypoxia, and osmotic. The oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate to succinate is coupled with a concomitant substrate hydroxylation and, is in most cases, followed by an additional specialized conversion. The domain profile of predicted protein sequences (DB2OG; over 3800 sequences) was used as an index of diversity, and interpreted alongside existent kinetic data in a linear model of integrated function [1-4]. The coefficients were determined using a Monte Carlo approach. The data suggests that 2OG-dependent enzymes incorporate several desirable features of a systems-level player.

Assistant Professor/Researcher of Biochemistry; Research topics: Bioenergetics, metabolism and transport of metabolic biomolecules and cofactors. Membership in SIB (Italian Sociaty of Biochemistry)and Italian Group of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes (since 1999); Member of the council of PhD in Applied Biochemistry and Chemistry, University of Molise (from 2003 to 2005) and in Health Science (since 2005). She taught different subjects, including: Propedeutics, Applied Biochemistry, Amino Acid and Nucleotide metabolism. She was Member of Senate of University of Molise. She was visiting researcher at Metabolism and Cancer susceptibility, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Frederick, MD United States from April to May 2014.

Otto Warburg and his collaborators were the first to isolate a “yellow ferment” from yeast cells (Warburg and Christian 1933). The yeast genome contains 68 genes encoding for a flavin-dependent protein and thus 1.1% of all yeast protein (5885 protein-encoding genes, Goffeau et al. 1996) have a requirement for either FMN or FAD (Macheroux and coworkers, 2014) Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are known to be an excellent dietary source of riboflavin (Bässleret al. 2002) and to possess all enzymes required for riboflavin biosynthesis, which are encoded by the RIB1-7 genes, as reported in Reihl and Stolz (2005).We know little about the enzymes responsible for turnover of FMN and FAD and their subcellular localization, despite the crucial roles of flavin cofactors in metabolism. The formation of holo-flavoproteins, by binding of a flavin prosthetic group to an apoflavoprotein, depends on the availability of FMN and FAD. The homeostasis of riboflavin and flavin prosthetic groups may be altered by some factors, such as defective FMN and/or FAD synthesis, increased FMN and/or FAD catabolism, by different susceptibility of holo- and apo-flavoproteins to proteolytic digestion (Pallotta et al. 1998; Pallotta 2011) and altered mitochondrial transport as was studied by Alex Tzagoloff’s lab. Mitochondria competence to metabolize externally added and endogenous FAD and FMN was investigated by spectroscopically and via HPLC. Thus, two novel yeast mitochondrial enzymatic activities, i.e. FAD pyrophosphatase (diphosphatase; EC 3.6.1.18) and FMN phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3.2), which catalyse the reactions FAD +H2O→FMN+AMP and FMN+H2O→ riboflavin + Pi conversion, respectively, were reported (Pallotta (2011). Consequently, besides being the major reservoir of the cellular FMN and FAD, mitochondria represent a site of active metabolism. Therefore yeast seems suitable as model organism to design novel drugs/therapies as new metabolic targeting strategies in human diseases.

Adelaide Almeida is Assistant Professor at the Department of Biology from the University of Aveiro (Portugal), where she got her Ph.D. degree, in 2001. She is an integrated member of the Associated Laboratory Centre for Environmental and Marine Sciences (CESAM). In the last years, she has been involved in the development and application of alternative methods to the use of antibiotics, such as photodynamic therapy and phage therapy. She has published in these fields and her publications can be found in http://www.cesam.ua.pt/adelaidealmeida.

Salmonella entericserovar Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium) is the most common causative agent of human gastroenteritis, after consumption of contaminated seafood. The use of lytic bacteriophages against this pathogen can be a new and promising approach for the prevention of food-contamination and food-borne infection. This study investigated the potential application of the bacteriophage SE-5 during depuration to reduce S. Typhimurium in cockles (Cerastodermaedule)at different multiplicity of infection (MOI).Cockles were infected with 106 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of S. Typhimurium in the seawater and each infected group was treated with four different MOI values: 100, 10, 1 and 0.1. Infected cockleswere depurated in non-recirculating seawater at 16 °C for 12 h. After S. Typhimurium accumulation at 16 °C, the initial mean values of bacteria in cockles were 6.20 log CFU/g. Depuration with phages at MOI 0.1 was the best condition to inactivate S. Typhimurium in cockles, the concentration was reduced by 1.7log CFU/g after 2 h of depuration. Reduction for the other MOI values (MOI= 1; MOI = 10; MOI = 100), was 1.13, 1.21 and 2.10 log CFU/g after 6h,12 and 12h of treatment, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a depuration trial usingbacteriophage in the cockle treatment process. The data of this study indicate clearly that the application of the bacteriophages could reduce significantly the population of S. Typhimurium in infected cockles. Moreover, cockles could be maintained alive during the depuration process. Therefore, the application of bacteriophage was effectively proven to be useful for shellfish depuration.

Adelaide Almeida is Assistant Professor at the Department of Biology from the University of Aveiro (Portugal), where she got her Ph.D. degree, in 2001. She is an integrated member of the Associated Laboratory Centre for Environmental and Marine Sciences (CESAM). In the last years, she has been involved in the development and application of alternative methods to the use of antibiotics, such as photodynamic therapy and phage therapy. She has published in these fields and her publications can be found in http://www.cesam.ua.pt/adelaidealmeida.

The accurate and reliable detection and identification of microorganisms in food is critical to public safety, as the microbial growth and metabolism in foods can result in deterioration conducting to the development of unacceptable off-flavours, discoloration or slime production and most important of all, can cause foodborne diseases. It is extremely important to develop rapid and inexpensive methods for the detection of food microorganisms to replace traditional analysis methods that are expensive and time consuming.Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) is a powerful, inexpensive and fast tool for food quality analysis and control, being one of the most promising techniques for the food industry.It has been successfully used to study microorganisms, since each bacterial species has a complex cell membrane/wall composition which gives a unique spectral fingerprint. The analytical information of the spectra can be interpreted using multivariate analysis relating the spectra obtained with the properties of the object of study.The aim of this work was to develop a rapid method to identify bacteria isolated from food samples, in order to replace the traditional microbiological methods. Multivariate techniques were applied in order to assess the feasibility of using this approach to address the problem of bacterial identification.We concluded that MIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis are effective and rapid methods that allow the identification of bacteria. This could be of paramount importance to the food industry, allowing the microbial analysis of food samples within a time range that is worth and useful to decide of their suitability for consumption.

Adelaide Almeida is Assistant Professor at the Department of Biology from the University of Aveiro (Portugal), where she got her Ph.D. degree in 2001. She is an integrated member of the Associated Laboratory Centre for Environmental and Marine Sciences (CESAM). In the last years, she has been involved in the development and application of alternative methods to the use of antibiotics, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and phage therapy. She has published in these fields and her publications can be found in http://www.cesam.ua.pt/adelaidealmeida

The therapeutic properties of light have been known for thousands of years, but it was only in the last century that antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) was developed. aPDT involves interaction between light and a chemical dye or photosensitizer in the presence of molecular oxygen. This interaction produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) which cause oxidative damage of microbial vital molecules.The medical importance of blood combined to the advent of the AIDS epidemic and other infectiousdiseases led to an improved pathogen screening techniques for donated blood. However, due to the “window” periods where infective agents cannot be detected, the ability to disinfect blood and its derivatives has assumed great importance. Whereas conventional disinfection techniques (solvent-detergent treatment or ultra-violet irradiation) may be employed in plasma or protein concentrates, the collateral damage associated with such treatments disallows their use with cellular fractions.The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the phthalocyaninesto disinfect blood products and blood derivatives. The blood products (plasma and complete blood) were infected with 108 colony forming units (CFU)/mL of Escherichia coli and exposed to red light at 150 W m-2 during 270 min. The E.coli reduction was determinate at 0, 30, 60, 90, 180 and 270 min and compared with that of light (irradiated in the absence of phthalocyanine) and dark (incubated with phthalocyanine butnon-irradiated) controls. The results showed that the phthalocyanine decreased the E.coli concentration in plasma and blood by 3 log CFU/mL after 270 min of exposure.The effect of the aPDT treatment on blood cells (red andwhite blood cells) was also evaluated. The numbers of red and white blood cells after treatment was similar to those of the controls. The effective reduction of E.coliand the absence ofeffect onred andwhite blood cells demonstrated that is possible the utilization of phthalocyanines in blood products disinfection process.

Ph.D. scholar at Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, UP, India under the supervision of Prof. Pramod W. Ramteke. She has achieved her Master’s degree (M Sc) in bioinformatics with CGPA of 8.67 (out of 10) and graduated as First-ranking student in her class with silver medal. Was elected President to the Zoological Society at Ewing Christian College, Allahabad, India (2010-2011) and Vice-President to the Society of Bioinformatics at Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences in 2014. Her Publications involve: Dhusia, K., Rizvi, A. and Ramteke, P. W. (2015) Pathway analysis tools: A comparative study over the generations. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 1605-1613.

Malaria is a disease which is spread around the globe. It causes hundreds of millions of clinical infections and at least a million deaths per annum. This disease is caused by the transmission of Plasmodium. The Plasmodium yeolii is a rodent malarial parasite. The malarial parasite maturation occurs within the erythrocyte. In final phase a large plasmodial protein which becomes a significant surface protein of merozoite (MSP119) is synthesized. Hence epitopes against MSP119 protein could be helpful in study to develop the vaccine against malaria. In the present work merozoite surface protein (msp119) of Plasmodium yeolii was selected as an immunogenic protein. The T-cell and B-cell epitopes for MSP119 were predicted using a range of computational tools/servers.The epitopes being expressed by the protozoa were identified. Subsequent to epitope (small peptides) prediction,the 3D structures of predicted epitopes were modeled by homology modeling followed by validation. Further the MHC molecules of human were identified and their structures were obtained from the Protein Data Bank. The predicted epitope were docked with their respective MHC alleles. The epitopes which were having lowest docking energy scores were selected as most promising epitopes for MSP119.Those predicted epitopes for MSP119might act as potential vaccine candidates against the Plasmodium yoelii. In future those epitopes (small peptides) can be synthesized in wet laboratory and their immunogenic property can be validated.

Fatma Rashed has completed her master degree at the age of 29 years from Alexandria University, and currently hold the position of Assistant lecturer at oral biology department faculty of dentistry, Damanhour University.

Purpose: To describe and evaluate normal puppy\'s (young dog) dentition and temporomandibular joint anatomically and Histologically in comparison to humans. rnMethods: Five puppies (3-4 months old) were used in this study. The following anatomical structures were histologically evaluated in a qualitative fashion: Teeth and related bony structures mandible, mandibular condyle, disc, Zygomatic arch, temporal bone, glenoid fossa, retrodiscal tissue and synovia. The macroscopical and microscopic study of the human TMJ was based on the current literature.rnResults: puppies have three deciduous Incisors, one canine and three premolars on each side of each jaw. The TMJ is surrounded by a thin fibrous tissue capsule, and a synovial lining. The mandibular angle has a prominent shape. The glenoid fossa is flat, with extended mediolateraly with retroarticular process. Histologically, the TMJ is composed of different tissues that comprise the mandibular head, mandibular fossa and fibrocartilaginous disc. A layer of fibrous tissue covers the articulating cortical condyle and temporal bone followed by a layer of hyaline cartilage. rnConclusion: Morphologically and numerically puppy\'s teeth are different from humans. Morphologically and histologically, the articular structure of puppies is, on the whole, similar to that of humans. In these animals there is no articular eminence, but they have a retroarticular process.rn

Kumar Ankit has done his B. Tech in Bioinformatics from SHIATS (Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences), Allahabad, India. His research area includes Machine learning, Mathematical modeling and he works on the development of in silico classifier for the prediction of drugs resistance in Malaria.

Background: Malaria is one of the most menacingly dreadful disease costing lives worldwide. The emergence of multiple drug resistance associated has resulted in substantial increase of its severity. Therefore, the generation of mathematical model to classify the resistant drug versus nonresistant drug is forwarding step to overcome the effect of this disease. A mathematical classifier which can classify among resistant and nonresistant drug can be an enormous aid. Methodology: The present work was carried out to exploit the previous failure experiences of resistant antimalarial drugs. Exhaustive literature search was undertaken to compile drugs with antibiotics resistance. The drugs were further manually characterized into 25 molecular and chemical attributes. The classification task was performed through 52 different classifiers using Weka machine learning workbench with 60% dataset as training and 40% as test set. Result: Out of 52 classifiers only 2 classifiers viz. SMO and VFI could reach the accuracy of 70%. Conclusion: The analysis showed that with these limited attributes and models, it is impossible to pin down these complex resistance mechanisms. Our analysis also opens a new horizon in predicting drug resistance but with different attributes and other hybrid models.rn

Saurav B Saha joined the Department of Computational biology and Bioinformatics, Sam Higginbotom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences - Deemed University in the year 2011 as Assistant Professor. Before joining the institution, he has served in both academia and corporate in different capacities viz., Assistant Professor and In-charge (Bioinformatics) at Shoolini Univesity and as Bioinformatician in LabIndia Pvt. Ltd. (Applied Biosystems Wing). He underwent his under graduation (BTech Biotechnology) and Post graduation (MTech Bioinformatics) from Sam Higginbotom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences - Deemed University (formerly Allahabad Agricultural Institute). His research focuses to understand different robustness machinery in biological systems, development of novel drugs pertaining to menacingly dreadful infectious diseases and facilitation of life science research through development of databases, algorithms and softwares.

Background: Epidermal Growth Factor receptor (EGFR) family is a group of four highly conserved trans-membrane tyrosine kinase receptors (EGFR, ErbB2/HER2, ErbB3/HER3 and ErbB4/HER4) involved in fate decision of many pivotal biological processes. Several mutations on EGFR have been associated to number of human cancers making it one of the most sought after target for cancer therapeutics. However despite its therapeutic importance, its full length structural behavior is still illusive. Therefore to utilize and exploit this magic drug target, it is imperative to decipher its structure. Methodology: The present work was carried out by a comparison of three benchmark techniques of protein structure prediction viz. Homology modeling, threading and ab-initio. Homology modeling was carried out exhaustively using single as well as multiple template modeling with all the combinations possible with homologs having e-value 0; Threading was done using HHpred online server while ITASSER was utilized for ab-initio structure prediction. Further, the structures were energy minimized iteratively 10 times with evaluation of the structure being done at each step using SAVES server and superimposition of experimentally determined partial structures. Result: Despite homology modeling being the best technique, which exploits the added advantage of longer template knowledge, threading proved to be the best technique for predicting EGFR family structures followed by Homology modeling and ab-initio. Conclusion: This study is indicative that even after advancement of biological and computer sciences, a huge lacuna still remains in development of automated and accurate protein structure prediction tools, which can only be tackled using human expertise and intervention. However, this anomaly may also be attributed to some hidden technical and biological biasness which still needs to be explored.rnrn